The Shaivite Tamil text Tiruvalluva Maalai contains the earliest known textual reference to the legend of Valluvar, but it remains undated. Traditional Shaivite portrait of Valluvar According to Zvelebil, Valluvar was "probably a learned Jain with eclectic leanings and intimate acquaintance with the early works of Tamil classical period and some knowledge of the Sanskrit legal and didactic texts ( subhashita)". The speculations about Valluvar's life are largely inferred from his work Tirukkuṟaḷ and other Tamil literature that quote him. Saint Valluvar) was first mentioned in the later text Tiruvalluva Maalai. Monsieur Ariel, a French translator of his work in the 19th century, famously said it is "the book without a name by an author without a name". Tirukkuṟaḷ itself does not name its author. In fact, neither his actual name nor the original title of his work can be determined with certainty. There is negligible authentic information available about Valluvar's life. He has long been venerated as a great sage, and his literary works a classic of Tamil culture. Valluvar has influenced a wide range of scholars down the ages since his time across the ethical, social, political, economical, religious, philosophical, and spiritual spheres. Maraimalai Adigal gives 31 BCE as the birth year of Valluvar, while Kamil Zvelebil infers the Tirukkuṟaḷ and Valluvar are best dated to around 500 CE. He is believed to have lived at least in the town of Mylapore (a neighbourhood of the present-day Chennai), and his floruit is dated variously from fourth century BCE to early fifth century CE, based on the traditional accounts and the linguistic analyses of his writings. Little is known with certainty about his family background, religious affiliation, or birthplace. There are unauthentic hagiographic and legendary accounts of Valluvar's life, and all major Indian religions, as well as Christian missionaries of the 19th century, have tried to claim him as secretly inspired ( crypto-) or originally belonging to their tradition. His life and likely background are variously inferred from his literary works by different biographers. Īlmost no authentic information is available about Valluvar, states Kamil Zvelebil – a scholar of Tamil literature. The text is considered an exceptional and widely cherished work of Tamil literature. He is best known as the author of the Tirukkuṟaḷ, a collection of couplets on ethics, political and economical matters, and love. Thiruvalluvar ( Tamil: திருவள்ளுவர்), commonly known as Valluvar, was a celebrated Tamil poet and philosopher. Virtually all subsequent Indian philosophy
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